كتاب فقه الصيام ومستجداته المعاصرة

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The book you're asking about is "فقه الصيام ومستجداته المعاصرة" (Fiqh al-Siyām wa Mustajaddātuhu al-Muʿāṣirah - The Jurisprudence of Fasting and Its Contemporary Issues).

This title signifies a specialized work in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) that focuses specifically on the rulings of fasting (Ṣawm), with a particular emphasis on modern-day challenges and developments that require jurisprudential interpretation.

About the Book: "The Jurisprudence of Fasting and Its Contemporary Issues"

This type of book would aim to provide comprehensive guidance on the Islamic act of fasting, especially during the month of Ramadan, but it would also extend to other types of fasting (obligatory and voluntary). Its key characteristic is the inclusion of contemporary issues that were not present in classical Fiqh texts.

While there might be several scholars who have written books with similar titles due to the relevance of the topic, such a book is often authored by a contemporary scholar who has a strong grasp of both traditional Fiqh and modern medical, scientific, and societal advancements.

Expected Content of the Book:

"Fiqh al-Siyām wa Mustajaddātuhu al-Muʿāṣirah" would likely cover the following:

1. Foundational Rulings of Fasting:

   • Definition: Linguistic and technical definitions of fasting.

   • Virtues and Wisdom: The spiritual, social, and health benefits of fasting.

   • Conditions for Obligation (Shurūṭ al-Wujūb): Who is obligated to fast (Muslim, sane, adult, able, resident).

   • Conditions for Validity (Shurūṭ al-Ṣiḥḥah): Intentions (niyyah), abstinence from nullifiers.

   • Pillars of Fasting (Arkān al-Ṣawm): Intention and abstaining from nullifiers.

   • Recommended Acts (Sunan) and Disliked Acts (Makrūhāt) of Fasting: Such as suḥūr (pre-dawn meal), iftār (breaking fast), using siwāk, avoiding idle talk.

2. Nullifiers of Fasting (Mufṭirāt):

   • Classical Nullifiers: Eating, drinking, intentional vomiting, sexual intercourse, menstruation, postpartum bleeding, cupping (ḥijāmah), etc.

   • Detailed discussion of each nullifier and its specific conditions.

3. Excuses for Not Fasting and Related Rulings:

   • Illness: Definition of illness that permits breaking fast, types of illness, qaḍāʾ (making up missed days), or fidyah (expiation).

   • Travel: Conditions for breaking fast during travel, qaḍāʾ rulings.

   • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Rulings for mothers, qaḍāʾ or fidyah.

   • Old Age and Chronic Illness: Fidyah rulings.

   • Insanity, Unconsciousness, Extreme Hunger/Thirst: And their implications.

4. Types of Fasting:

   • Obligatory: Ramadan, qaḍāʾ fasts, kaffārāt (expiatory fasts), nadhr (vowed fasts).

   • Voluntary (Nafl): Mondays and Thursdays, Arafah day, Ashura day, six days of Shawwal, etc.

   • Forbidden or Disliked Fasting: Eid days, specific days (Yawm al-Shakk), continuous fasting (Ṣawm al-Wiṣāl).

5. Contemporary Issues (Mustajaddāt Muʿāṣirah): This is the distinguishing feature of the book. It would address modern questions such as:

   • Medical Issues:

     • Taking medication (pills, injections, eye/ear drops, suppositories, asthma inhalers, dialysis).

     • Blood tests, transfusions, organ donation.

     • Medical procedures (endoscopy, biopsy, surgery under anesthesia).

     • Dental procedures (fillings, extractions, cleaning).

     • Diabetes and insulin injections.

     • Nourishing or therapeutic injections/IVs.

   • Technological Issues:

     • Using nose/mouth sprays.

     • Electronic cigarettes or vaping.

     • Analyzing the beginning and end of Ramadan using astronomical calculations vs. moon sighting.

   • Travel and Work Issues:

     • Fasting for pilots, flight attendants, sailors, or those working in extreme conditions.

     • Fasting for athletes during competitions.

   • Modern Foods/Substances: Rulings on accidental ingestion of minute particles or substances that enter the body without being food/drink.

   • Contraceptives and their effect on women's purity during Ramadan.

Methodology:

The author would typically:

• Present the classical Fiqh rulings from various schools of thought.

• Cite evidence from the Quran, Sunnah, and scholarly consensus.

• Analyze contemporary issues by applying jurisprudential principles and ijtihād (independent legal reasoning).

• Consult with medical or scientific experts where necessary to understand the nature of modern phenomena.

• Weigh different scholarly opinions on contemporary issues and provide a reasoned preference, often prioritizing ease (taysīr) where permissible, or adherence to the strongest evidence.

This book would be an invaluable resource for Muslims seeking clarity on their fasting obligations in the modern world, religious scholars, students of Fiqh, and anyone interested in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence.