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The book you're asking about is "التوسط والاقتصاد في أن الكفر يكون بالقول أو الفعل أو الاعتقاد" (Al-Tawassut wal-Iqtisad fi Annal-Kufr Yakunu bil-Qawl aw al-Fi'l aw al-I'tiqad - Moderation and Balance in [the issue that] Disbelief Occurs by Word, Action, or Belief).
About the Book: "Moderation and Balance in [the issue that] Disbelief Occurs by Word, Action, or Belief"
This book addresses a profoundly significant and often sensitive topic in Islamic theology: the nature and categories of disbelief (kufr). It specifically delves into the principle that disbelief can manifest not only through belief (اعتقاد) in the heart but also through words (قول) uttered by the tongue and actions (فعل) performed by the limbs.
The title's emphasis on "moderation and balance" (التوسط والاقتصاد) suggests that the author aims to present this crucial doctrine in a way that avoids extremes. This means steering clear of both:
Excessive Takfir (Excommunication): Where individuals or groups are too quick to label others as disbelievers based on slight misinterpretations or minor transgressions.
Excessive Irja' (Postponement): Where actions and words are downplayed to the extent that only internal belief is considered in matters of faith and disbelief, potentially leading to the justification of clear acts of kufr.
The book likely argues for the mainstream Sunni (Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah) position that faith (and conversely, disbelief) encompasses conviction, utterance, and action, reflecting the comprehensive nature of Islam.
Nature and Expected Content
The book will likely cover:
Definition of Kufr (Disbelief): A detailed explanation of
kufrlinguistically and terminologically, differentiating it fromfisq(transgression) anddhunub(sins).The Comprehensive Nature of Faith and Disbelief: Elaboration on the
Ahl al-Sunnahdoctrine that faith (Iman) is composed of belief in the heart, affirmation by the tongue, and actions of the limbs. Consequently,kufrcan also manifest in these three aspects.Kufr of Belief (
Kufr al-I'tiqad): Discussing types of disbelief that are purely internal, such as denying the existence of Allah, denying a fundamental pillar of faith (e.g., Prophethood, Day of Judgment), or denying a known necessity of the religion (ma'lum min al-din bi al-darurah).Kufr of Word (
Kufr al-Qawl): Examining utterances that constitute disbelief, such as blasphemy, cursing Allah or His Prophet, mocking Islamic rituals, or denying a clear verse of the Quran verbally.Kufr of Action (
Kufr al-Fi'l): Analyzing actions that lead to disbelief, such as prostrating to an idol, throwing the Quran into filth, performing magic that involves shirk, or worshipping anything other than Allah.Distinguishing Factors and Nuances: The book will likely delve into important distinctions, such as:
The difference between major
kufr(that takes one out of Islam) and minorkufr(that is a major sin but doesn't necessarily expel one from Islam, e.g., ingratitude).The conditions for
takfir(declaring someone a disbeliever), including the necessity of fulfilling prerequisites (shurut) and removing impediments (mawani') like ignorance (jahl), coercion (ikrah), or misinterpretation (ta'wil).The importance of not rushing into
takfirwithout clear evidence and adhering to scholarly methodology.
Evidences from Quran and Sunnah: The author will provide extensive textual evidence from the Quran and authentic Sunnah to support the arguments made.
Historical Context (potentially): The book might touch upon historical debates regarding
Imanandkufr, particularly the positions of groups like the Murji'ah (who emphasized only belief) and the Khawarij (who exaggerated the role of actions).
The Edition ("ط")
The "ط" at the end of the title likely refers to "طبعة" (edition), indicating it's a published version of the book. It doesn't specify which edition, but it confirms its existence as a printed work.
The Author
The author's name is not explicitly provided in your query. This topic is central to Islamic theology and has been addressed by numerous scholars throughout history.
If you know the author's name, I can provide more specific information about their background and methodology.
Significance of This Book
Clarifying a Fundamental Doctrine: It addresses a crucial aspect of Islamic creed that is often misunderstood or becomes a point of contention.
Promoting Moderation: By emphasizing "moderation and balance," the book aims to guide readers away from extremist views on
takfir.Combating Extremism: It can serve as a vital tool against both laxity in matters of faith and unwarranted excommunication of Muslims.
Educational Value: It provides a structured and evidence-based approach to understanding
kufrfor students of Islamic theology and the general Muslim public.
If you are seeking a balanced and scholarly treatment of the different ways kufr can manifest, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of faith in Islam, this book would be an important resource. Do you happen to know the author's name?
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